Temples Targeted in Pakistan, Court Summons Police Chief

NEW DELHI: Pakistan’s Supreme Court has summoned the Sindh police chief over complaints about attacks on Hindu temples in the province, Pakistani media reported.

In Sindh province, the Makli Mata temple in Makli district was attacked earlier this week and the Radha temple in Mirpurkhas and the Krishna temple in Hyderabad were targeted two weeks ago. Other recent attacks on Hindu temples in Sindh include a temple in the Tando Mohammad Khan -- the stone idol of Lord Hanuman was blackened with soot and religious books were burnt -- in November last year. In March last year, a small Hindu temple was torched near Fateh Chowk in Hyderabad, prompting widespread protests by the Hindu community.

Hindus, with form 1.85 percent of Pakistan’s population, are routinely discriminated against -- temples attacked, disputes plaguing property, forced conversions being increasingly reported. For instance, in July 2010, around 60 members of the minority Hindu community in Karachi were attacked and evicted from their homes following an incident of a Dalit Hindu youth drinking water from a tap near an Islamic Mosque. In January 2014, a policeman standing guard outside a Hindu temple at Peshawar was gunned down.

However, Hindus are not the only minority group to face problems in Pakistan -- a deeply intolerant country. Just a little over a week ago, an explosion at a Shia mosque in Sindh province, Shikarpur district, killed at least 60 people and injured dozen others -- making it the deadliest sectarian attack in over a year.

The explosion occurred just after Friday prayers and is the second attack on a Shia mosque since Pakistani security forces stepped up their offensive against Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) militants, who claimed responsibility for a brutal attack on an army-run school in Peshawar in December last year.

The previous attack killed seven people in the city of Rawalpindi on January 10.

Before this attack, one of the worst attacks on the Shia community ocurred on January 22 last year, 24 Shiite pilgrims returning from Iran were killed when their bus was bombed in southwestern Baluchistan province.

In fact, an Human Rights Watch (HRW) report released a few months ago said that the half-million members of the Hazara community -- a Shia minority -- in Quetta live in fear, compelled to restrict their movements, leading to economic hardship and curtailed access to education and employment, the report says. This oppressive situation has prompted large numbers of Hazara to flee Pakistan for refuge in other countries.

Previously, HRW recorded at least 450 killings of Shia in 2012, the community’s bloodiest year; at least another 400 Shia were killed in 2013. While sporadic sectarian violence between Sunni and Shia militant groups has long persisted in Pakistan, attacks in recent years have been overwhelmingly one-sided and primarily targeted ordinary Shia going about their daily lives.

The Hazara in Balochistan, numbering about half a million people, find themselves particularly vulnerable to attack because of their distinctive facial features and Shia religious affiliation. More than 500 Hazaras have been killed in attacks since 2008, but their precarious position is reflected in the increasing percentage of Hazara among all Shia victims of sectarian attack. HRW notes that approximately one-quarter of the Shia killed in sectarian violence across Pakistan in 2012 belonged to the Hazara community in Balochistan. In 2013, nearly half of Shias killed in Pakistan were Hazaras.

Shias constitute 20 percent of the national population. In January 2014, a bomb targeting a bus of Shia pilgrims returning from Iran in Pakistan’s troubled Balochistan province, resulting in 22 casualties, was a recent reminder of the erosion of the country’s plural fabric.

According to a 2014 HRW report, 400 Shias were killed in 2013 in targeted attacks across Pakistan. At least 200 Shias, mostly from the Hazara community, were killed in Balochistan in and around the provincial capital of Quetta. In January 2013, a suicide bomb killed 96 Hazaras and injured at least another 150. In February 2013, a bomb in a vegetable market in Quetta’s Hazara town killed 84 and injured 160. In March 2013, 47 Shias were killed and 135 were injured in Karachi when a Shia-majority neighbourhood was targeted.

It is not just Shias that are targeted. Ahmadis -- who consider themselves Muslim, but are categorised as non-muslim under the constitution for disputing the claim that Prophet Muhammad was the last messenger of Islam -- face routine attacks. The community has been banned from mosques in Lahore as groups accused them of “posing as Muslims.”One of the most violent attacks against the Ahmadis was in 2010, when Taliban insurgents attacked two Ahmadis mosques in Lahore killing more than 85. In addition to violent attacks, the minority sect is often targeted by the use of the blasphemy law against them, a recent example being the arrest of Masood Ahmad, a member of the Ahmadi sect, after he was secretly videoed reading a translation of a verse from the Quran earlier this year.

In addition to Hindus, other non Muslim minorities are also targeted. In March 2013, several thousand Christians were forced to flee their homes in Lahore following allegations of blasphemy against a local resident, Sawan Masih, as a mob of thousands looted and burned homes and churches. In September 2013, a suicide bombing during Sunday Mass at a Church in Peshawar killed 81 people and wounded more than 130.

These attacks are the basis of reports that indicate that sectarian violence is increasing in Pakistan. A report by the Pakistan Institute of Peace Studies (PIPS), the “Pakistan Security Report 2013” traces this rise in sectarian violence to 2011, from when it has steadily increased every year. According to a database maintained by the South Asian Terrorism Portal (SATP), although the incidents of sectarian violence attacks have declined in Pakistan, the lethality of attacks have increased leading to more deaths. SATP recorded 128 sectarian attacks, resulting in 525 deaths in Pakistan through 2013, as compared to 173 such attacks and 507 killed in 2012, demonstrating a substantial rise in lethality, from 2.93 to 4.11 fatalities per attack.

The problem with data sets relating to violence in Pakistan is that they are largely provisional based on newspaper reports, and hence, there is variation in the numbers. That said, the security situation in Pakistan does seem to be reflecting a dangerous trend toward the worse, no matter which data set is employed in the analysis..